BALTIMORE, MD—A man whose story was documented in the popular “Serial” podcast has had his murder conviction vacated by a Baltimore judge.

This week, Baltimore City Judge Melissa Phinn granted a motion filed by State’s Attorney Marilyn Mosby and Sentencing Review Unit Chief Becky Feldman to vacate the conviction and request a new trial for Adnan Syed, who was found guilty as a juvenile for the 1999 murder of high school girlfriend Hae Min Lee and sentenced to life in prison plus 30 years.

Judge Phinn’s motion would seem to acknowledge that there was a Brady violation in Mr. Syed’s case and that new evidence has come to light. As a part of the Judge’s order, Syed, who was 17 at the time of the murder, has been released on his own recognizance and will be placed on home detention with GPS monitoring. The State must schedule a new trial or enter a nolle prosequi within 30 days.

“Justice has prevailed with the outcome of today’s hearing,” said State’s Attorney Marilyn Mosby. “After a nearly year-long investigation reviewing the facts of this case, my team successfully argued that Mr. Syed deserves a new trial where he can be adequately represented and the latest evidence can be presented. While this is just one step in a long fight to make sure the legal system in Baltimore is fair and just for all, I want to reiterate to the residents of Baltimore that I will forever be committed to ensuring and pursuing justice and equality for all under the law, which includes victims, witnesses, accusers, and the accused.”

To be clear, the State is not asserting that Syed is innocent. While the investigation remains ongoing, the State lacked confidence in the integrity of the conviction and requested that Syed be afforded a new trial.

The motion was made possible by Maryland House Bill 874. The bill allows judges to grant a prosecutor’s request to vacate a conviction “in the interest of justice and fairness,” especially in cases involving actual innocence, cases tainted by police misconduct, or cases involving behaviors like marijuana possession that would not be prosecuted in the jurisdiction today.

Syed’s defense counsel, Erica Suter, Director of the Office of the Public Defender’s and University of Baltimore’s Innocence Project, originally brought the case to the attention of the SRU after the Juvenile Restoration Act passed in April 2021, which allows persons convicted of crimes as juveniles to request a modification of sentence after they have served at least 20 years in prison. However, during that review, additional evidence emerged requiring the State to conduct a more in-depth analysis.

The judge’s order can be viewed online here (PDF).

“Among the other serious problems with the motion to vacate, the allegations related to Brady violations are incorrect,” said Attorney General Brian Frosh on Monday. “Neither State’s Attorney Mosby nor anyone from her office bothered to consult with either the Assistant State’s Attorney who prosecuted the case or with anyone in my office regarding these alleged violations. The file in this case was made available on several occasions to the defense.”

DNA Testing Pending

As part of the SRU investigation, on March 10, 2022, Chief Becky Feldman and the defense filed a Joint Petition for Post-Conviction DNA Testing of the victim’s clothing. The motion requested the clothing tested for touch DNA, which was unavailable at the time of trial. In 2018, the Baltimore City Police Lab tested various items for DNA through an agreement between the Office of the Attorney General and the defendant’s previous counsel. However, the items now being tested were not previously tested in 2018, with the exception of the victim’s fingernail clippings.

After consultation with DNA experts, the team tested the items believed to most likely yield results for touch DNA. Those items were: fingernails, fingernail clippers, pubic hairs, underwear, bra and shirt. The rape kit was also tested for the presence of DNA.

Trace-level male DNA was detected on the victim’s right fingernail swabs, the right fingernail clippers swabs, and the victim’s shirt swabs. The swabs from the right fingernail and shirt were then analyzed with a genotyping kit that targets male Y-chromosome STR DNA. However, no useful typing results were obtained from this analysis. Another shirt swab and the right hand fingernail clippers were not analyzed because it was determined the amount of male DNA was so minimal it would not likely produce any results.

Only female DNA was recovered from pubic hairs, left hand fingernail swabs, left hand fingernail clippers swabs, anal swabs, vaginal swabs, bra swabs, and underwear swabs. The remaining items are currently being reviewed for further testing.

Brady Violation: Evidence Suggest Two New Suspects Not Disclosed to Defense

The re-investigation of the case revealed evidence regarding the possible involvement of two alternative suspects other than Syed. Officials say the two suspects may be involved individually or may be involved together. These suspects were known persons at the time of the original investigation and were not properly ruled out nor disclosed to the defense. According to the trial file, the person said “He would make her [Ms. Lee] disappear. He would kill her.” The State has not disclosed their names at this point

Additionally, the investigation also retrieved a separate document from the original trial file, in which a different person relayed information that could be viewed as a motive for that same suspect to harm the victim. This information about the threat and motives to harm could have provided a basis for the defense and was not disclosed to the trial nor the post-conviction defense counsel.

New information also revealed that one of the suspects was convicted of attacking a woman in her vehicle, and that one of the suspects was convicted of engaging in serial rape and sexual assault.

Additionally, the victim’s car was located directly behind the house of one of the suspect’s family members. Some of this information was available at the time of trial; some of the events occurred after the trial. Due to the on-going investigation, further details have not been provided.

Unreliable Cell Phone Data

Much of Syed’s original trial hinged on cell phone data records, which corroborated some of Jay Wilds’ testimony regarding Syed’s whereabouts throughout the day. However, the notice on the records specifically advised that the billing locations for incoming calls “would not be considered reliable information for location.” Despite this notice, prosecutors used the billing location for incoming calls for exactly that purpose – to prove that the defendant was in a particular area at a particular time. Most critical to the State’s case were the incoming calls allegedly received in the Leakin Park area at 7:09 p.m. and 7:16 p.m. Eleven of the 32 calls on January 13 were incoming calls.

Evidence proved that the State should not have relied on the incoming call evidence. As part of the investigation, the parties consulted a Digital Forensics Investigator with expertise in Computer Forensics, Mobile Forensics and historical cell site analysis, Gerald Grant, Jr. to explain whether incoming call location evidence call be otherwise reliable. Grant explained that an incoming call to a mobile device may have the communication signal sent to multiple towers in an area to notify the device of the call. In other words, the network cannot guarantee at the time of the incoming call that it knows exactly what tower/sector the device is listening on.

Based on the cellular technology at the time of the incident in this case, it was possible that an incoming call could be recorded at the last registered tower/sector and not the current one when the signal is sent across multiple towers within an area.

The investigation also had this opinion reviewed and verified by two other experts whose expertise include the development, set up and operation of cellular networks and the operational use of Global System for Mobile Communications to track and locate cell phones.

The granted motion effectively puts Syed in a “new trial” status – his convictions will be vacated but the case remains active. Whether the State ultimately continues with a trial in this matter or dismisses the charges will depend on the outcome of the ongoing investigation.

The full motion to vacate can be viewed online here (PDF).